While the instrument used for outcome measurement was varied from depending on self-report and dairies either written or electronic solely or accompanied with validation test such as taking urine specimen for anabasine and antabine as a biochemical confirmation of OST abstinence, Fagerstrm test for nicotine dependence-OST (FTND-ST) which was modified to specifically measure OST nicotine dependence level, or the OST abstinence rate was validated with saliva cotinine test
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A person may consider snuff a safer alternative to smoking or a way to help quit smoking
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