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Specific oral health consequences include: Gum recession and periodontal disease Tooth decay and tooth loss Leukoplakia (white patches that can become cancerous) Bone loss in the jaw Tooth staining and bad breath According to research on nicotine and periodontal tissues, smokeless tobacco users show significantly greater risk for attachment loss, with studies reporting odds ratios as high as 5.4 for periodontal disease development

Citations: Beutel, M

Curing involves drying the leaves, and this often requires wood-fired kilns

Secondhand smoke is defined as the combination of smoke from burning cigarettes and the smoke breathed out by smokers

doi:10.1056/NEJMp1104637