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Even if fertilisation occurs, high DNA fragmentation leads to poor embryo development and higher miscarriage rates Reduced seminal antioxidants: Tobacco depletes zinc, selenium, and Vitamin C in seminal plasma nutrients that protect sperm from oxidative damage Tobacco Use and IVF: What the Data Shows The impact of male tobacco use on IVF outcomes is measurable at every stage of the process: Clinical finding: Studies show that couples where the male partner smokes have significantly lower fertilisation rates, lower blastocyst development rates, and higher rates of failed or poor-quality embryos during IVF compared to non-smoking couples

Human papilloma virus - a virus with more than100 subtypes that cause diseases in humans ranging from common warts to cervical cancer

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But, the chemicals in tobacco disturb brain function and increase the risk of or worsening mental health disorders

They deliver nicotine without the smoke and tar, reducing the risk of lung-related health issues