Reactivity, in biological systems, is almost inevitably associated with toxicity, and ROS can damage various biological molecules: lipids (causing lipid peroxidation and membrane damage), DNA (causing DNA breaks), and proteins (causing, for instance, oxidation of various amino acids and inactivation of essential enzymes)
ACS Applied Nano Materials, 4(7), 72537263
GHK-CU is the most researched copper peptide, with extensive documentation of its gene expression effects and safety profile
First, it derives from a larger gastric protection protein
Although these interventions are available, the applications of which are also accompanied by some side effects (Dennert & Horneber, 2006)